Problems Relating to Pregnancy, Fertility, Menstruation, and Menopause
1. Pregnancy-Related Issues:
- Miscarriage: The loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks, often due to genetic abnormalities or health conditions in the mother.
- Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube, which can be life-threatening if not treated.
- Preeclampsia: A condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby.
2. Fertility Problems:
- Infertility: The inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse, affecting both men and women. Common causes include hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, or issues with sperm quality.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder leading to irregular periods and ovulation, often causing infertility.
3. Menstrual Disorders:
- Dysmenorrhea: Painful periods, often caused by conditions like endometriosis or fibroids.
- Menorrhagia: Excessive menstrual bleeding, which can lead to anaemia and impact daily life.
- Amenorrhea: The absence of menstruation, which can be due to stress, extreme weight loss, or hormonal imbalances.
4. Menopause-Related Issues:
- Hot Flashes: Sudden feelings of heat, often accompanied by sweating and a rapid heartbeat, common during menopause.
- Osteoporosis: A condition where bones become weak and brittle, more likely to occur post-menopause due to decreased oestrogen levels.
- Vaginal Dryness: Reduced oestrogen levels can lead to thinning of vaginal tissues, causing discomfort during intercourse.
These issues can significantly impact a woman's quality of life and may require medical intervention for management or treatment.
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