Fibroids, or uterine fibroids, are noncancerous growths in or on the uterus, composed of muscle and fibrous tissue. Common among women of childbearing age, they vary in size, number, and location and are usually benign, but can sometimes cause significant symptoms.

Types of Fibroids:

1. Intramural: Grow within the uterine wall.

2. Submucosal: Develop just beneath the uterine lining, possibly affecting bleeding and fertility.

3. Subserosal: Grow on the outer surface of the uterus, potentially pressing on nearby organs.

4. Pedunculated: Attached by a stalk, either inside or outside the uterus

Causes and Risk Factors:

Fibroid development is linked to:

- Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone promote growth.

- Genetics: Family history increases risk.

- Age: Most common in women in their 30s and 40s.

- Race: More prevalent and severe in African American women.

- Lifestyle: Obesity and a diet high in red meat increase risk.

Symptoms:

- Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

- Pelvic Pain/Pressure

- Frequent Urination

- Constipation

- Pain During Intercourse

- Lower Back Pain

- Reproductive Issues

Diagnosis:

Diagnosed through:

- Pelvic Exam

- Ultrasound

- MRI

- Hysteroscopy

- Son hysterography

Treatment Options:

- Watchful Waiting: For asymptomatic fibroids.

- Medications: Hormonal therapies to manage symptoms or shrink fibroids.

- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Uterine artery embolization, radiofrequency ablation, or myomectomy.

- Surgery: Hysterectomy for severe cases or when other treatments fail.

While many women with fibroids live symptom-free, others may need treatment to manage their symptoms.